Laminate Stack


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posted 7 Years Ago HOT
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Hi.  When doing polyester hand lay-up in the past and using woven roving, I've always alternated chop-strand-mat with woven-roving in the laminate stack; Gelcoat-csm-wr-csm-wr-csm, for instance, understanding that the csm helps with print through and consolidation between the wr layers, especially if using heavy wr mats.  With vac infusion, it seems that woven/stitched fabrics are used throughout in laminate stacks and I can see why you wouldn't want to use csm with infusion.  So, do I need to be concerned when making a laminate stack for infusion about the 'bond' between layers of wr as I would with the above hand lay-up example? I'm thinking that lighter mats between heavy ones and/or using different weaves might be required or maybe I'm just over thinking a non-existing problem as it is the vacuum process that solves any potential issue? Any thoughts?
oekmont
oekmont
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Well, I wouldn't say, that csm helps with print through, the print through is just less regular, and therefore harder to detect. The result is definitely better than with roving woven cloth, but not really better compared to regular filament cloth. Glass Fleece however gives far better results.

The consolidation is really just an issue for those, who are used to polyester csm working. The different behaviour of woven textiles needs some practice. A layer of csm could help avoiding air pockets in corners. Again, when using a polyester csm type of process. The csm can fill in the corners in a different way woven cloths can, because after the application of resin, the csm basically becomes loosely reinforced resin with flow propertys to a certain degree.

The bond between the layers however doesn't improve with a csm coupling layer. There are some rare applications where csm could work as a crack stopper, but that's it.
The advantage of csm are
-the cheaper price
-the good contour forming characteristics once wetted out
In  basically any other way csm perform inferior to woven cloth.
With resin infusion the costs are dominated less by the price of the reinforcement, but more by bagging materials and labour. Additionally, regular csm could be manipulated into any form once impregnated, but dry it is far less drapable than woven reinforcements. And with resin infusion, you want to get the fibres into your mould without the resin.
However, for applications where you lay down a full roll of reinforcement at oceans the complexity of the shape is low, like big boat hulls, or rotor blades, csm still is used in infusion processes. Additionally, csm could help as a flow media, but not nearly like flow mesh.


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