I am also no pro on the composites stuff but have done similar(ish) projects in the past.
I would have thought that you're most difficult hurdle to overcome would be getting the thing road legal and would suggest that you would firstly want to find out from the DVLA etc. what standards exist for caravans as I would assume that its going to need to be tested once complete, for its road-worthiness.
If it were me, I would definitely look into getting a donor caravan for your chassis, wheels etc. and then build the carbon fibre around the existing chassis. To start from scratch would be far more expensive and difficult.
I do agree though, that you could probably get the required stiffness from a monocoque structure without the need for an internal frame.